Types of Nouns
We have seen earlier that a noun is a word that is used to name a person,
an animal, a place, a thing, an idea etc. The names given to particular persons,
animals, places etc. are known as proper nouns and the rest are common nouns.
an animal, a place, a thing, an idea etc. The names given to particular persons,
animals, places etc. are known as proper nouns and the rest are common nouns.
[ आपण यापूर्वीच शिकलो आहोत, की एखादी व्यक्ती, प्राणी, ठिकाण, वस्तू, कल्पना इत्यादींच्या नावाकरिता वापरलेला शब्द ‘noun’ असतो. एखाद्या विशिष्ट व्यक्तीला, प्राण्यांना दिलेली/ठेवलेली नावे म्हणजे proper nouns (विशेष नामे) असतात, बाकी/उरलेली सर्व नामे common nouns (सामान्य नामे) असतात.]
Nouns
꘡
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꘡ ꘡
Common Nouns Proper Nouns
(सामान्य नामे) (विशेष नामे)
girl,boy,city,mountain , Akulka,Malasha,Sangeeta,
table,river,book,building , Anand,London,Mumbai,
ruler,table etc. Sahyadri ,Narmada etc.
♦Write at least 5 common nouns and 5 proper nouns each.
Note that proper nouns always begin with a capital letter.
Note that proper nouns always begin with a capital letter.
☆Common Nouns → fruit , river , city , boy
☆ Proper Nouns → Mango , Ganga , Satara , Ram
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Common Nouns – 1
You know that some things, animals etc., that is, some common nouns can
be counted. They are countable nouns. Some common nouns stand for something
that cannot be counted. They are uncountable nouns. Countable nouns have two
forms – singular and plural.
be counted. They are countable nouns. Some common nouns stand for something
that cannot be counted. They are uncountable nouns. Countable nouns have two
forms – singular and plural.
[ आपल्याला माहीत असलेली things, animals इत्यादी सामान्य नामे (common nouns) ही एक, दोन, तीन अशी मोजता येतात. त्यांना countable nouns (मोजता येण्यासारखी नामे) म्हणतात. water, milk, sugar, gold इत्यादी सामान्य नामे एक, दोन, तीन अशी म्हणजेच 2 पाणी, 4 साखर अशी मोजता येत नाहीत. त्या नामांना uncountable nouns (न मोजता येणारी नामे) असे म्हणतात.] uncountable nouns ची singular (एकवचनी) व plural (अनेकवचनी) अशी दोन रूपे असतात. ]
Let us look at some examples
( आता आपण त्यांची काही उदाहरणे पाहूया.)
☆ Common nouns –
A ) Countable nouns –
1) Singular 2)Plural
word words
country countries
mile miles
desert deserts
mountain mountains
road roads
story stories
B) Uncountable nouns –
hair, sky, fire,
water, fun etc.,
water, fun etc.,
[ Note: the expressions
‘hair strands’, ‘two
glasses of water’, ‘a bit
of fun’. Here, we do not
say hairs, waters, funs
etc. ]
‘hair strands’, ‘two
glasses of water’, ‘a bit
of fun’. Here, we do not
say hairs, waters, funs
etc. ]
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Common Nouns – 2
Some nouns stand for groups of things or people. Such nouns are called
collective nouns. [काही सामान्य नामे वस्तूंच्या किंवा लोकांच्या समूहाकरिता (गटांकरिता) असतात. अशा नामांना समुदायवाचक नामे (Collective nouns) म्हणतात.]
collective nouns. [काही सामान्य नामे वस्तूंच्या किंवा लोकांच्या समूहाकरिता (गटांकरिता) असतात. अशा नामांना समुदायवाचक नामे (Collective nouns) म्हणतात.]
Examples : class (a class of sixty girls and boys), people, a herd
of cattle, a flock of birds, a team of players, a bunch of keys. lists of names.
of cattle, a flock of birds, a team of players, a bunch of keys. lists of names.
Note that collective nouns also have singular and plural forms.
Examples : class – classes, herd – herds, flock – flocks
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Common Nouns – 3
Common nouns can be classified in one more way – concrete nouns and
abstract nouns.
abstract nouns.
[Common nouns ची आणखी एका प्रकारे विभागणी होते-गोचर किंवा मूर्त (concrete) व अमूर्त (abstract).]
1.Concrete nouns stand for things that you can actually touch or see.
(Concrete नामे आपण प्रत्यक्ष पाहतो किंवा स्पर्श करू शकतो अशा वस्तूकरिता वापरतात.)
Examples : school, home, cards, butterflies, child.
2.Abstract nouns stand for ideas, qualities, feelings, actions, etc.
( Abstract नामे कल्पना, गुणविशेष, भावना, कृती इत्यादी दर्शवण्याकरिता वापरतात.)
Examples : life, time, unity, progress, happiness, childhood, movement,
mathematics.
mathematics.
Can you spot at least three abstract nouns in the following paragraph?
‘We put the plan of action in motion immediately. We did this
without letting any of the teachers in the secret. We wanted to give Mrs
Desai a surprise. But she is really too good. She spotted the change
within a week.’
without letting any of the teachers in the secret. We wanted to give Mrs
Desai a surprise. But she is really too good. She spotted the change
within a week.’
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Common Nouns – 4
Now you know that
plural forms of nouns have -s, -es or -ies at the end. But
the plurals of some nouns are formed differently. They are called irregular plurals.
the plurals of some nouns are formed differently. They are called irregular plurals.
( Common nouns ची अनेकवचनी रूपे (plurals) शेवटी -s, es किंवा ies लावून होतात, हे आपल्याला माहीत आहे. परंतु काही नामांची अनेकवचने वेगळ्याच प्रकारे होतात. त्यांना अनियमित अनेकवचने (irregular plurals) असे म्हणतात.)
Examples :
child – children
man – men
woman – women
mouse – mice
foot – feet
leaf – leaves